HEAT RELATED ILLNESSES

By Ruth Wyrick, RNC, Public Health Nurse

There are very few things in life you can count on. Unfortunately, the summertime heat wave in Texas is as predictable as it gets. Since it is inevitable that the thermometer will read HOT, HOT, HOT, it is important to understand that there are ways to help deal with the rising temperatures. The heat also brings with it its own set of health concerns.

According to the Texas Department of Health, in 2000, 65 people died in Texas from the excessive heat. The elderly, young and those with chronic health problems are most severely affected. The body normally cools itself by sweating, but high temperatures and high humidity cause this system to not be as effective. Dehydration and heat related illnesses are caused by not replacing fluids and salt lost during sweating.

Symptoms of HEAT EXHAUSTION include heavy sweating, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, nausea, weak but rapid pulse, and headaches. Anyone showing these symptoms should be moved into the shade and drink slow sips of water. If not treated, this can become HEAT STROKE. Symptoms of this include high body temperature, red, dry skin, rapid pulse, confusion, loss of consciousness and even death. Move this person into a shady, cool area and call 911 immediately.

There are many precautions that can be taken to help avoid heat related illnesses. Some of these include:

• Stay inside an air-conditioned building during the heat of the day and plan outside activities in early morning or evening.
• Close window shades, or cover sun-prone windows with foil to help keep rooms cooler. Keep air-conditioner filters clean.
• If air-conditioning is not available, seek refuge in a public place like a mall, library, senior center, etc. Ø Limit use of stoves and oven, or use them in the cooler part of the day.
• Never leave any person, or pet in a closed parked vehicle, even for a short time.
• Drink plenty of fluids before going out and every 15-20 minutes while outside. Sports drinks and water are good. Do not wait for thirst to drink. Avoid alcohol, caffeine or sweet drinks.
• Take frequent breaks while working outside
• Wear sun block, hats and light colored, loose fitting clothes.
• Eat frequent, light meals.
• Check frequently on the elderly and ill persons.
• Be sure pets have plenty of water.
• Take cool showers or baths.

The best defense against heat related illness is prevention. Stay cool, drink plenty of fluids, wear cool clothes and limit outdoor activities. For more information on heat related illnesses, contact the Waco-McLennan County Public Health District, Community Health Nursing Division at (254) 750-5460.